Research and development in private law

Research and development in private law

Rendering an enforceable award, duty, obligation, or responsibility of the arbitrator

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hamid Reza Nik Bakht 1
Ali Ali Dadi Deh Kohneh 2
1 Professor in International Commercial Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D Student in Private Law at Law Faculty of Shahid Beheshti University Of Tehran Iran.
10.22034/jpl.2025.2068271.1247
Abstract
The parties of the arbitration hope that their dispute will be resolved by the award of the trusted arbitrator, and the arbitrator also expects the parties to voluntarily implement the issued award, even if reluctantly, due to the trust the parties have in him. The parties to the arbitration, whose criteria for selecting the arbitrator were credibility and reliability, after issuing the award, focus on observing the legal provisions in the issued award, and the party that loses, citing the inconsistency of the award with the Acts that create rights and other grounds for objection, tries to annul the arbitrator's award or prevent its implementation. An award that is not annulled and the court issues an enforcement order for it upon the request of the convicted party, is a mandatory enforceable award, but based on existing laws and regulations, there is no irrevocable award, and the arbitrator's award is annulled or void based on Article 489 of the Code of Civil Procedure or Articles 33 and 34 of the International Commercial Arbitration Act. The results of the research showed that the Code of Civil Procedure and the International Commercial Arbitration Act of Iran do not mention the issuance of an enforceable award as a legal obligation of the arbitrator; the relationship between the arbitrator and the parties is moral and legal, so without the need for a contract to be concluded between the arbitrator and the parties, the arbitrator, after accepting the arbitration, is obliged to issue and submit the award on the due date and, morally, must make his maximum effort to issue an award that, the court enforces it, otherwise he may be held liable. In addition to the fact that the arbitrator is not obliged by law to issue an enforceable award, he cannot promise not to revoke the award by contract because this obligation is beyond his power and impossible to fulfill. Therefore, according to Article 232 of the Civil Code, this obligation is void; However, the arbitrator may undertake to pay damages to the plaintiff if the award is annulled or not enforced.
Keywords
Arbitrator's Duties
Arbitrator's Obligations
Arbitrator's Liability. Arbitrator's Contract
Enforceable Award
Annulment of the arbitrator's Award
Irrevocable Award
Subjects
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