Research and development in private law

Keyword Index

A

Absolute Registration System Legal Approaches to the Origin of the Trademark Right and its Effect on the Types of Trademark Registration System [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 343-271]
Absolute Use System Legal Approaches to the Origin of the Trademark Right and its Effect on the Types of Trademark Registration System [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 343-271]
Abstracts Analysis of the Necessity of Accordance of Offer and Acceptance in Terms of Contract [(Articles in Press)]
Acceptance without condition Analysis of the Necessity of Accordance of Offer and Acceptance in Terms of Contract [(Articles in Press)]
Accordance of offer and acceptance Analysis of the Necessity of Accordance of Offer and Acceptance in Terms of Contract [(Articles in Press)]
Act incompatible with Agency From Authorization to authority; A Critique of the “Doctrine of the Impossibility of the Principal’s Personal Action in the Subject Matter of an Irrevocable Agency”: with Critical Analytical Approach to Judicial Practice [(Articles in Press)]
Agreement ECommerce Law Legal Evolution Through Technological Advancements in Contract Law: A Case Study of Electronic Attorney-Client Agreements [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 90-114]
Air Carrier The beginning and the end of the carrier liability for the passenger's death & personal damage in international air transport [(Articles in Press)]
Amended Report Analysis of Iran’s Judicial and Legislative Approaches to Strengthening Civil Reconciliation and Mediation Mechanisms [(Articles in Press)]
Anchoring bias Like a Ship Without Anchor: An Analysis of Anchoring Bias in Civil Liability Litigation [(Articles in Press)]
Annulment of the arbitrator's Award Rendering an enforceable award, duty, obligation, or responsibility of the arbitrator [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 320-350]
Arbitrability Jurisdiction, Procedure and Claims of Special Intellectual Property Tribunal [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 410-438]
Arbitration Analysis and criticism of the regulations governing proceedings in the industrial property protection law approved in 2024 and comparing it with the generalities of civil proceedings [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 110-131]
Arbitration clause Ppathological arbitration clause Causes of pathological clauses in international commercial arbitration and ways to deal with them by looking at WIPO arbitration clause [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 78-109]
Arbitrator's Duties Rendering an enforceable award, duty, obligation, or responsibility of the arbitrator [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 320-350]
Arbitrator's Liability. Arbitrator's Contract Rendering an enforceable award, duty, obligation, or responsibility of the arbitrator [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 320-350]
Arbitrator's Obligations Rendering an enforceable award, duty, obligation, or responsibility of the arbitrator [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 320-350]
Article 683 of the Iranian Civil Code From Authorization to authority; A Critique of the “Doctrine of the Impossibility of the Principal’s Personal Action in the Subject Matter of an Irrevocable Agency”: with Critical Analytical Approach to Judicial Practice [(Articles in Press)]
Article 73 of the TRIPS Agreement Security exceptions in the implementation of intellectual property rights: contemplation of Article 73 of the TRIPS Agreement [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 372-409]
ASEAN The status of intellectual property rights in ASEAN [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 225-240]
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) The Role of Medical Technology in the Lineage Claims' Proof: The Theory of Supplementary Evidence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 149-182]
Attributes of Rights A Conceptual and Exemplary Re-examination of Intellectual Property (Challenges and Organization of Its Characteristics and Types in the Light of Jurisprudence and Comparative Law) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 120-153]
Autonomous Analysis of Types of Metaverse Properties [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 216-247]

C

Carrier Legal Analysis of Switch Bill of Lading in Maritime Transport [(Articles in Press)]
Celebrities A comparative study of the nature of video games in the American legal system: an expressive medium or commercial product? [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 439-465]
Child How to affect the parent's marriage on the citizenship of the children in the Iranian legal system with a look at the Turkish Legislation System [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 185-211]
Choice The criterion of the effect of Duress In contracts, a serious challenge in Article 202 of the Civil Code. A comparative study in Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, the law of European countries, and the principles of international commercial contract [(Articles in Press)]
Citizenship How to affect the parent's marriage on the citizenship of the children in the Iranian legal system with a look at the Turkish Legislation System [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 185-211]
Civil Enforcement Feasibility of enforcement of restitution order regarding virtual currencies, a comparative study of Iranian and American law [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 61-89]
Civil Liability The Lacuna of "Real Estate Alimony" in the Iranian Legal System and Remedial Solutions (With an emphasis on Analysis of Judicial Precedent) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 240-275]
Civil Liability Civil Liability Arising from Collisions Involving Unmanned Ships [(Articles in Press)]
Civil Liability Like a Ship Without Anchor: An Analysis of Anchoring Bias in Civil Liability Litigation [(Articles in Press)]
Civil Penalty Civil Penalty: Comparative Study in Iranian and Afghan law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 206-230]
Civil Responsibility Examining The Mutual Impact Of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence And Islamic Law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 180-205]
Cognitive Bias Like a Ship Without Anchor: An Analysis of Anchoring Bias in Civil Liability Litigation [(Articles in Press)]
COLREGs Civil Liability Arising from Collisions Involving Unmanned Ships [(Articles in Press)]
Commercial goods A comparative study of the nature of video games in the American legal system: an expressive medium or commercial product? [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 439-465]
Compensation Comparative Study of the Moral Damage of the Deceased in Islamic and Western Law [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 380-417]
Compliance of contract with intention Analysis of the Necessity of Accordance of Offer and Acceptance in Terms of Contract [(Articles in Press)]
Conflict of Laws Application of the substantive law of the place of residence in the occurrence of a transmission [(Articles in Press)]
Conflict Resolution Rule Application of the substantive law of the place of residence in the occurrence of a transmission [(Articles in Press)]
Consumer Possibility of Registering Generic Terms as Internet Domain Names (Analysis and Critique of Judgment by the Third Branch of General Civil Court of Tehran and the Tenth Branch of Appellate Court of Tehran Province) [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 134-173]
Consumer Protection Legal Evolution Through Technological Advancements in Contract Law: A Case Study of Electronic Attorney-Client Agreements [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 90-114]
Contract The criterion of the effect of Duress In contracts, a serious challenge in Article 202 of the Civil Code. A comparative study in Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, the law of European countries, and the principles of international commercial contract [(Articles in Press)]
Contract Duration The Requisites of Long-term Contracts With an emphasis On the Principles of International Contracts [(Articles in Press)]
Contract of carriage of goods Legal Analysis of Switch Bill of Lading in Maritime Transport [(Articles in Press)]
Contract simulation Constitutive Elements of Contract Simulation [(Articles in Press)]
Contractual assignment Comparative Study of the Impact of Contractual Assignment on Third Parties in Iranian and American Law [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 212-240]
Contractual Assignment in Iranian Law Comparative Study of the Impact of Contractual Assignment on Third Parties in Iranian and American Law [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 212-240]
Contractual Assignment in U.S. La Comparative Study of the Impact of Contractual Assignment on Third Parties in Iranian and American Law [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 212-240]
Counter-letter Constitutive Elements of Contract Simulation [(Articles in Press)]
Court The Lawsuit of "Declaration of Incapacity" Against the Deceased: An Analysis of the Supreme Court's Unified Opinion No. 72, Dated 25/11/1975 of the General Assembly [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 130-156]
Court of Peace Consider to disputes of birth certificate in the court of peace [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 12-40]
Crime In search of traces of intelligent infringement of intellectual property [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 27-49]
Criminal Liability In search of traces of intelligent infringement of intellectual property [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 27-49]
Cryptocurrency Seizure of Cryptocurrencies: A Convergence of Law and Technology in Civil Judgment Enforcement [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 345-379]

D

Day Test The beginning and the end of the carrier liability for the passenger's death & personal damage in international air transport [(Articles in Press)]
Decentralize Analysis of Types of Metaverse Properties [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 216-247]
Decentralized Technologies The Nature of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and its Legal Challenges With an Emphasis on the Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 520-544]
Digital art The Nature of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and its Legal Challenges With an Emphasis on the Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 520-544]
Digital Economy The Nature of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and its Legal Challenges With an Emphasis on the Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 520-544]
Dignity and Reputation Comparative Study of the Moral Damage of the Deceased in Islamic and Western Law [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 380-417]
Dilution Trademark Law Approach in Relation with Brand [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 174-199]
Diplomatic conference A look at the Design Law Treaty (DLT) [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 466-484]
Dispute Resolution Council The Background and Challenges of Conciliation Courts in the Latest Legislative Developments [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 47-78]
Dispute Resolution Council Innovations and Defects of the Dispute Resolution Councils Act (September 13 ,2023 [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 79-107]
Dispute Resolution Council Law Consider to disputes of birth certificate in the court of peace [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 12-40]
Dispute Resolution Councils Law (2023) Innovations and Defects of the Dispute Resolution Councils Act (September 13 ,2023 [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 79-107]
Dissolution (Automatic Termination) From Authorization to authority; A Critique of the “Doctrine of the Impossibility of the Principal’s Personal Action in the Subject Matter of an Irrevocable Agency”: with Critical Analytical Approach to Judicial Practice [(Articles in Press)]
Division Challenges of Claim Regarding Division of Decedent`s Estate in Judicial Precedent [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 7-46]
DNA Fingerprinting The Role of Medical Technology in the Lineage Claims' Proof: The Theory of Supplementary Evidence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 149-182]
Domain names Possibility of Registering Generic Terms as Internet Domain Names (Analysis and Critique of Judgment by the Third Branch of General Civil Court of Tehran and the Tenth Branch of Appellate Court of Tehran Province) [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 134-173]
Duress The criterion of the effect of Duress In contracts, a serious challenge in Article 202 of the Civil Code. A comparative study in Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, the law of European countries, and the principles of international commercial contract [(Articles in Press)]
Dynamic Liability Framework Civil Liability Arising from Collisions Involving Unmanned Ships [(Articles in Press)]

E

ECommerce Statute The dynamics of Imamia jurisprudence in the possibility of accepting "legal personality" for artificial intelligence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 183-215]
Economic Analysis of Law Applicable Rules for Regulating Relationships Between Individuals on the Internet [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 115-148]
Economic rights Some factors affecting the evolution of the intellectual property system: expanding or limiting the scope of rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 241-271]
Effect Theory Applicable Rules for Regulating Relationships Between Individuals on the Internet [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 115-148]
Electronic Attorney-Client Legal Evolution Through Technological Advancements in Contract Law: A Case Study of Electronic Attorney-Client Agreements [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 90-114]
Electronic Nedical Record A Comparative Study of Financial Value and Ownership of Electronic Health Records: A Reflection on American and Iranian Law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 263-298]
Enforceable Award Rendering an enforceable award, duty, obligation, or responsibility of the arbitrator [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 320-350]
Enforcement Guarantee Enforcement Guarantee in Law and Public Policy: A Case Study of Article (1) of the "Act on the Mandatory Registration of Real Estate Transactions" (enacted in 2024) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025]
Estate Challenges of Claim Regarding Division of Decedent`s Estate in Judicial Precedent [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 7-46]
Ethics of artificial intelligence Examining The Mutual Impact Of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence And Islamic Law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 180-205]
Exceptions to Intellectual Property Rights Some factors affecting the evolution of the intellectual property system: expanding or limiting the scope of rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 241-271]
Excessive Terms Analysis of the Intent and Consent of Parties Regarding Unfair Terms in Contracts (Comparative Study in Iranian and French Law) [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 157-179]
Exemption from litigation costs Analysis of the Insolvency of a Legal Entity Litigation Costs in Iranian Law and Judicial Procedure [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 282-400]
Expressive medium A comparative study of the nature of video games in the American legal system: an expressive medium or commercial product? [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 439-465]

I

ICSID Claims Brought by Dual Nationals Sharing the Nationality of the Host State in International Investment Arbitration [(Articles in Press)]
Imamia jurisprudence The dynamics of Imamia jurisprudence in the possibility of accepting "legal personality" for artificial intelligence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 183-215]
Imami jurisprudence A Reconsideration of the Validity of Intellectual Property Rights in Imami Jurisprudence: With an Emphasis on Iran’s Legislative Experience [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 31-60]
Industrial designs A look at the Design Law Treaty (DLT) [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 466-484]
Industrial Property Claims Jurisdiction, Procedure and Claims of Special Intellectual Property Tribunal [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 410-438]
Industrial Property Protection Act The Notion of Famous Trademarks and Well-known Trademarks in Light of the Industrial Property Protection Act of 2024, the Paris Convention and the TRIPS Agreement [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 200-224]
Industrial Property Protection Act Feasibility of choosing the applicable law to contract between Iranian nationals abroad [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 154-184]
Industrial Property Protection Act 2024 Legal Approaches to the Origin of the Trademark Right and its Effect on the Types of Trademark Registration System [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 343-271]
Infringement Investigating the protection of user-generated content through the literary and artistic property law system in Iran and the United States of America [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 52-78]
Inherent distinctiveness Distinctiveness Types in the Trademark System and its Determination Criteria [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 327-349]
Innovations A critical research on the innovations and inadequacies of the industrial property protection law approved in 2024 from the point of view of trade secrets. [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 299-342]
Insolvency of a legal entity Analysis of the Insolvency of a Legal Entity Litigation Costs in Iranian Law and Judicial Procedure [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 282-400]
Institutional arbitration Causes of pathological clauses in international commercial arbitration and ways to deal with them by looking at WIPO arbitration clause [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 78-109]
Intellectual property law Investigating the protection of user-generated content through the literary and artistic property law system in Iran and the United States of America [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 52-78]
Intellectual Property Rights Some factors affecting the evolution of the intellectual property system: expanding or limiting the scope of rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 241-271]
Intellectual Property Rights The status of intellectual property rights in ASEAN [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 225-240]
Intellectual Property Rights Examining The Mutual Impact Of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence And Islamic Law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 180-205]
Intellectual Property Rights Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Developed Countries [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 287-310]
Intellectual Property Rights Application of Blockchain Technology in Intellectual Property Registration [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 248-286]
Intellectual Property Rights A Reconsideration of the Validity of Intellectual Property Rights in Imami Jurisprudence: With an Emphasis on Iran’s Legislative Experience [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 31-60]
Intent and Consent Analysis of the Intent and Consent of Parties Regarding Unfair Terms in Contracts (Comparative Study in Iranian and French Law) [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 157-179]
Intention The criterion of the effect of Duress In contracts, a serious challenge in Article 202 of the Civil Code. A comparative study in Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, the law of European countries, and the principles of international commercial contract [(Articles in Press)]
Interest The Lawsuit of "Declaration of Incapacity" Against the Deceased: An Analysis of the Supreme Court's Unified Opinion No. 72, Dated 25/11/1975 of the General Assembly [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 130-156]
Internal Volition Constitutive Elements of Contract Simulation [(Articles in Press)]
International Commercial Arbitration Causes of pathological clauses in international commercial arbitration and ways to deal with them by looking at WIPO arbitration clause [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 78-109]
International Trade Contracts A Legal Study of Unequal Preliminary Negotiations in International Trade Contracts [(Articles in Press)]
Internet Regulation Applicable Rules for Regulating Relationships Between Individuals on the Internet [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 115-148]
Interpretation The Durability of the Legal Rule`s Validity After The Introduction of an Exception (Exceptio firmat regulam) [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 108-129]
Iranian Father How to affect the parent's marriage on the citizenship of the children in the Iranian legal system with a look at the Turkish Legislation System [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 185-211]
Iranian Law The dynamics of Imamia jurisprudence in the possibility of accepting "legal personality" for artificial intelligence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 183-215]
Iranian Law A Reconsideration of the Validity of Intellectual Property Rights in Imami Jurisprudence: With an Emphasis on Iran’s Legislative Experience [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 31-60]
Iranian Law The Lacuna of "Real Estate Alimony" in the Iranian Legal System and Remedial Solutions (With an emphasis on Analysis of Judicial Precedent) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 240-275]
Iranian Law Foundations of Property Rights in the Digital Age [(Articles in Press)]
Iranian Mother How to affect the parent's marriage on the citizenship of the children in the Iranian legal system with a look at the Turkish Legislation System [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 185-211]
Irrevocable Award Rendering an enforceable award, duty, obligation, or responsibility of the arbitrator [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 320-350]

L

Law and Technology Legal Evolution Through Technological Advancements in Contract Law: A Case Study of Electronic Attorney-Client Agreements [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 90-114]
Lawyer Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession: A Representation of Smart Advocacy [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 41-74]
LE'AAN The Role of Medical Technology in the Lineage Claims' Proof: The Theory of Supplementary Evidence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 149-182]
Legal Interest Jurisdiction, Procedure and Claims of Special Intellectual Property Tribunal [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 410-438]
Legality The Influence of Political Elites’ Preferences on the Quality of Legislation for Software Protection in Iran [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 272-298]
Legal Person The dynamics of Imamia jurisprudence in the possibility of accepting "legal personality" for artificial intelligence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 183-215]
Legal policy-making Enforcement Guarantee in Law and Public Policy: A Case Study of Article (1) of the "Act on the Mandatory Registration of Real Estate Transactions" (enacted in 2024) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025]
Legal Technology Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession: A Representation of Smart Advocacy [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 41-74]
Legal Traditions Applicable Rules for Regulating Relationships Between Individuals on the Internet [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 115-148]
Legislation Applicable Rules for Regulating Relationships Between Individuals on the Internet [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 115-148]
Legislative Policy Analysis of Iran’s Judicial and Legislative Approaches to Strengthening Civil Reconciliation and Mediation Mechanisms [(Articles in Press)]
Lex Fori Application of the substantive law of the place of residence in the occurrence of a transmission [(Articles in Press)]
Liability for the act of others The impact of technological growth on civil liability (Tort Law) (Transformation from the debt of responsibility to the demand for compensation) [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 311-344]
Lineage Proof The Role of Medical Technology in the Lineage Claims' Proof: The Theory of Supplementary Evidence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 149-182]
Liquidation The Procedure for Issuing and Enforcing a Bankruptcy Judgments [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 231-262]

M

Machine Learning Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession: A Representation of Smart Advocacy [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 41-74]
Marine bill of lading Legal Analysis of Switch Bill of Lading in Maritime Transport [(Articles in Press)]
Maritime Collision Civil Liability Arising from Collisions Involving Unmanned Ships [(Articles in Press)]
Marriage How to affect the parent's marriage on the citizenship of the children in the Iranian legal system with a look at the Turkish Legislation System [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 185-211]
Material Rights A Conceptual and Exemplary Re-examination of Intellectual Property (Challenges and Organization of Its Characteristics and Types in the Light of Jurisprudence and Comparative Law) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 120-153]
Mediation Analysis of Iran’s Judicial and Legislative Approaches to Strengthening Civil Reconciliation and Mediation Mechanisms [(Articles in Press)]
Medical information A Comparative Study of Financial Value and Ownership of Electronic Health Records: A Reflection on American and Iranian Law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 263-298]
Metaverse Some factors affecting the evolution of the intellectual property system: expanding or limiting the scope of rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 241-271]
Metaverse Analysis of Types of Metaverse Properties [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 216-247]
Metaverse properties Analysis of Types of Metaverse Properties [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 216-247]
Modern Islamic Civilization Examining The Mutual Impact Of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence And Islamic Law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 180-205]
Modern Technologies Feasibility of enforcement of restitution order regarding virtual currencies, a comparative study of Iranian and American law [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 61-89]
Montreal convention The beginning and the end of the carrier liability for the passenger's death & personal damage in international air transport [(Articles in Press)]
Moral Damage Comparative Study of the Moral Damage of the Deceased in Islamic and Western Law [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 380-417]

P

Paternity Disavowal The Role of Medical Technology in the Lineage Claims' Proof: The Theory of Supplementary Evidence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 149-182]
Peace and Reconciliation Innovations and Defects of the Dispute Resolution Councils Act (September 13 ,2023 [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 79-107]
Performance of the Subject Matter of Agency From Authorization to authority; A Critique of the “Doctrine of the Impossibility of the Principal’s Personal Action in the Subject Matter of an Irrevocable Agency”: with Critical Analytical Approach to Judicial Practice [(Articles in Press)]
Policy Formulation Enforcement Guarantee in Law and Public Policy: A Case Study of Article (1) of the "Act on the Mandatory Registration of Real Estate Transactions" (enacted in 2024) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025]
Policymaking Foundations of Property Rights in the Digital Age [(Articles in Press)]
Pre-Contractual Liability A Legal Study of Unequal Preliminary Negotiations in International Trade Contracts [(Articles in Press)]
Preference of Political Elites The Influence of Political Elites’ Preferences on the Quality of Legislation for Software Protection in Iran [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 272-298]
Presumption of Fault The impact of technological growth on civil liability (Tort Law) (Transformation from the debt of responsibility to the demand for compensation) [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 311-344]
Presumption of responsibility The impact of technological growth on civil liability (Tort Law) (Transformation from the debt of responsibility to the demand for compensation) [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 311-344]
Principle The Durability of the Legal Rule`s Validity After The Introduction of an Exception (Exceptio firmat regulam) [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 108-129]
Principle of Automatic Protection of Literary and Artistic Works The Influence of Political Elites’ Preferences on the Quality of Legislation for Software Protection in Iran [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 272-298]
Principle of First to File Legal Approaches to the Origin of the Trademark Right and its Effect on the Types of Trademark Registration System [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 343-271]
Principle of First to Use Legal Approaches to the Origin of the Trademark Right and its Effect on the Types of Trademark Registration System [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 343-271]
Principle of Relativity of Contracts Comparative Study of the Impact of Contractual Assignment on Third Parties in Iranian and American Law [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 212-240]
Priority in Use Legal Approaches to the Origin of the Trademark Right and its Effect on the Types of Trademark Registration System [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 343-271]
Property A Comparative Study of Financial Value and Ownership of Electronic Health Records: A Reflection on American and Iranian Law [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 263-298]
Property Registration Application of Blockchain Technology in Intellectual Property Registration [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 248-286]
Property Rights Foundations of Property Rights in the Digital Age [(Articles in Press)]
Prosecutor The Lawsuit of "Declaration of Incapacity" Against the Deceased: An Analysis of the Supreme Court's Unified Opinion No. 72, Dated 25/11/1975 of the General Assembly [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 130-156]
Public Order The conflict between the principle of freedom of contract and the requirements of public order in private and Government Contracts in French and Iranian law [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 351-381]
Public Policy Enforcement Guarantee in Law and Public Policy: A Case Study of Article (1) of the "Act on the Mandatory Registration of Real Estate Transactions" (enacted in 2024) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025]

R

Real Estate Alimony The Lacuna of "Real Estate Alimony" in the Iranian Legal System and Remedial Solutions (With an emphasis on Analysis of Judicial Precedent) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 240-275]
Regulatory Reform Civil Liability Arising from Collisions Involving Unmanned Ships [(Articles in Press)]
Rejection of condition Analysis of the Necessity of Accordance of Offer and Acceptance in Terms of Contract [(Articles in Press)]
Related knowledge Jurisdiction, Procedure and Claims of Special Intellectual Property Tribunal [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 410-438]
Relationship between Civil liability and Compensation system The impact of technological growth on civil liability (Tort Law) (Transformation from the debt of responsibility to the demand for compensation) [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 311-344]
Relative System Legal Approaches to the Origin of the Trademark Right and its Effect on the Types of Trademark Registration System [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 343-271]
Remission Application of the substantive law of the place of residence in the occurrence of a transmission [(Articles in Press)]
Responsible Ownership The Lacuna of "Real Estate Alimony" in the Iranian Legal System and Remedial Solutions (With an emphasis on Analysis of Judicial Precedent) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 240-275]
Right of Withdrawal in Distance Contracts Legal Evolution Through Technological Advancements in Contract Law: A Case Study of Electronic Attorney-Client Agreements [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 90-114]
Rights of Literary and Artistic Creations A Reconsideration of the Validity of Intellectual Property Rights in Imami Jurisprudence: With an Emphasis on Iran’s Legislative Experience [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 31-60]
Right to Computer Software The Influence of Political Elites’ Preferences on the Quality of Legislation for Software Protection in Iran [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 272-298]
Robot Lawyer Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession: A Representation of Smart Advocacy [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 41-74]

S

Self-regulatory Harmonizing Self-Regulation in Sports Law Based on Comparative Law: The Birth of Sports Realism [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 299-326]
Settlement Analysis of Iran’s Judicial and Legislative Approaches to Strengthening Civil Reconciliation and Mediation Mechanisms [(Articles in Press)]
Shaparak؛ A critique of the legal nature and performance of the Electronic Card Payment Network Company (Shaparak) [(Articles in Press)]
Sign Distinctiveness Types in the Trademark System and its Determination Criteria [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 327-349]
Simulated contract Constitutive Elements of Contract Simulation [(Articles in Press)]
Simulated volition Constitutive Elements of Contract Simulation [(Articles in Press)]
Smart Assistant Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession: A Representation of Smart Advocacy [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 41-74]
Smart Law Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession: A Representation of Smart Advocacy [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 41-74]
Spiritual Pains Comparative Study of the Moral Damage of the Deceased in Islamic and Western Law [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 380-417]
Sport realism Harmonizing Self-Regulation in Sports Law Based on Comparative Law: The Birth of Sports Realism [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 299-326]
Sports Law Harmonizing Self-Regulation in Sports Law Based on Comparative Law: The Birth of Sports Realism [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 299-326]
Strict Liability with Right of Recourse Civil Liability Arising from Collisions Involving Unmanned Ships [(Articles in Press)]
Structural Power Applicable Rules for Regulating Relationships Between Individuals on the Internet [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 115-148]
Supplementary Evidence The Role of Medical Technology in the Lineage Claims' Proof: The Theory of Supplementary Evidence [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 149-182]
Switch bill of lading Legal Analysis of Switch Bill of Lading in Maritime Transport [(Articles in Press)]

T

Technical Approval The Influence of Political Elites’ Preferences on the Quality of Legislation for Software Protection in Iran [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 272-298]
Temporary Order Analysis and criticism of the regulations governing proceedings in the industrial property protection law approved in 2024 and comparing it with the generalities of civil proceedings [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 110-131]
Temporary Ownership A Conceptual and Exemplary Re-examination of Intellectual Property (Challenges and Organization of Its Characteristics and Types in the Light of Jurisprudence and Comparative Law) [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 120-153]
Terms in Contractual Appendices Analysis of the Intent and Consent of Parties Regarding Unfair Terms in Contracts (Comparative Study in Iranian and French Law) [Volume 1, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 157-179]
The objective civil liability The impact of technological growth on civil liability (Tort Law) (Transformation from the debt of responsibility to the demand for compensation) [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 311-344]
Theoretical Foundations Foundations of Property Rights in the Digital Age [(Articles in Press)]
Token The Nature of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and its Legal Challenges With an Emphasis on the Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 520-544]
Token Analysis of Types of Metaverse Properties [Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 216-247]
Trademarks The Notion of Famous Trademarks and Well-known Trademarks in Light of the Industrial Property Protection Act of 2024, the Paris Convention and the TRIPS Agreement [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 200-224]
Trademarks Feasibility of choosing the applicable law to contract between Iranian nationals abroad [Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 154-184]
Tradename Trademark Law Approach in Relation with Brand [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 174-199]
Trade Secrets A critical research on the innovations and inadequacies of the industrial property protection law approved in 2024 from the point of view of trade secrets. [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 299-342]
Transmission Application of the substantive law of the place of residence in the occurrence of a transmission [(Articles in Press)]
Treaty A look at the Design Law Treaty (DLT) [Volume 1, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 466-484]

Research and development in private law

Keyword Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W